National Strategy--Past and Present
In April 1950, President Truman accepted a report known to history as NSC-68. The document, submitted in the name of the National Security Council (hence, “NSC”), had been developed and mostly authored by the State Department’s Policy Planning Staff under Paul Nitze.
The Cold War between the liberal democratic allies and the communist “second world” dominated by the Soviet Union began in earnest in 1947. Rising from the opportunities to expand and secure a Soviet sphere of occupation in eastern and central Europe out of the disorder and chaos caused by the Second World War, Soviet control of the region provided a buffer of comfort between Mother Russia and their enemies of a thousand years: The Germans. As the “democratic” empires of Great Britain and France entered into decline and retreat, Truman asked for a US long-term, visionary strategy of political, economic, military and cultural policies that would save the Free World from conquest by communist armies and subversive agents.
NSC-68 built on the anonymously published “X” article in a 1947 issue of the Establishment journal, Foreign Affairs. The true author, George Kennan, an American diplomat with vast experience in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, set forth the two basic ideas that governed American policy until the very end of the Soviet state on December 25, 1991. First, Kennan proposed as a “grand strategy,” a political policy of containment, meeting Soviet challenges and interventions anywhere in the world with a firm American resolve.
Accepting Soviet power where established, in the federated republics of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, containment as envisioned by Kennan would form informal coalitions–not treaty organizations like NATO–to draw the lines past which Soviet advances would be met by military force, including the use of nuclear weapons by the US.
The second part of containment held that if not allowed to grow, expand and absorb critical resources outside the zone of Soviet control, the lies of Marxist-Leninism would crumble the foundations upon which Soviet power stood. These lies would all be exposed over time–namely, oligarchy rule by the elite, a paranoid police state terrorizing its population to enforce consent (by coercion and murder, if necessary), and a social system that organized the Soviet economy for war. These modes of operating a society eliminated individual liberty and economic freedom in defense of “communist,” or rather Bolshevik revolution.
The Western examples of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, and the economic appeal of free enterprise would ultimately win over the enslaved communist populations, according to both Kennan and Nitze at the very beginning of the Cold War. And in the end, the enslaved masses of communism withdrew their legitimacy from their governments and ultimately forced the termination of the Soviet system.
Despite some glaring differences between Kennan’s theory of containment and Nitze’s actual blueprint implementing it (Kennan’s realpolitik emphasis on temporary coalitions and Nitze’s reliance on moralism, international law and alliances), both men believed in two absolute conditions holding up the entire US grand strategy at the level of national politics.
On the one hand, economic strength via market capitalism in the Free World provided the means to subvert Soviet power by forcing the communist to spend themselves into poverty. Their unworkable economy devoted to guns not butter and run by government committees would spur their people to resist their government. And just as important, and linked to economic strength, was preserving the individual liberties and (relative) economic freedoms of American citizens. For if it could successfully stop Soviet expansion, American values as enshrined in the Declaration and its natural rights were the ultimate weapon of victory. Overshadowing the world, if America failed to preserve liberty and prosperity, there would be war–nuclear war and annihilation most likely. In that case, no one would win, or the Cold War would continue with “sticks and stones” (from an Einstein quote).
It is important to review or learn this simple history of the last 60-odd years. In the 21st Century, many of the same problems. A world-wide conflict rages subtly between libertarian ideals and values of common people versus fascist-communist values held by public-private multi-national companies (MNCs) backed by religious fanaticisms. These do not threaten any one country, specifically, but threaten the “true” Free World of the minds and souls of common people. As the United States, backed by its own MNCs and religious fanatics, engages in a global war against the “wrong” fanaticism backed by the “other” MNCs (criminal syndicates to rising nations’ sovereign wealth funds, etc.), American soldiers are fighting and dying, or returning from dangerous duty maimed and with near mortal mind wounds with no long-term vision of victory.
No matter whether one supports the Establishment’s war against other establishments, or is opposed, the US as a nation has no stated or apparent “master theory or plan” to fight now or next year, let alone 40 or 50. No George Kennan gives a profound and broad theory for the solution. And no known Nitze in government has put it into concrete form, with the numbers to back it up (like NSC-68 actually did). If an “X” article appeared, would the policy makers heed it? If a 21st Century NSC-68 exists, what is it, or why do the American people NOT know about it?
Grand strategy, the political policy that mobilizes all forms of political, economic, social and cultural power, does not exist for America today. And without much doubt, the American people can only suspect that the political will, the economic strength, the social system, and the cultural values that wins wars are missing, too. If they did exist, would not the American people have faith in their leaders for eventual victory, as in World War II or the Cold War itself? Perhaps the people themselves need to take their own initiative and find it in them to seek new ways, new leaders, and new ideas to combat the bankruptcy of the present leadership; to seize the moment, and regain the people’s power, and future of liberty. If not, it would not matter which side of fanatics and corporations win, ours or theirs. It would all end by eliminating liberty and freedom in the name of an imperial peace through endless war and genocide.
The Cold War between the liberal democratic allies and the communist “second world” dominated by the Soviet Union began in earnest in 1947. Rising from the opportunities to expand and secure a Soviet sphere of occupation in eastern and central Europe out of the disorder and chaos caused by the Second World War, Soviet control of the region provided a buffer of comfort between Mother Russia and their enemies of a thousand years: The Germans. As the “democratic” empires of Great Britain and France entered into decline and retreat, Truman asked for a US long-term, visionary strategy of political, economic, military and cultural policies that would save the Free World from conquest by communist armies and subversive agents.
NSC-68 built on the anonymously published “X” article in a 1947 issue of the Establishment journal, Foreign Affairs. The true author, George Kennan, an American diplomat with vast experience in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, set forth the two basic ideas that governed American policy until the very end of the Soviet state on December 25, 1991. First, Kennan proposed as a “grand strategy,” a political policy of containment, meeting Soviet challenges and interventions anywhere in the world with a firm American resolve.
Accepting Soviet power where established, in the federated republics of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, containment as envisioned by Kennan would form informal coalitions–not treaty organizations like NATO–to draw the lines past which Soviet advances would be met by military force, including the use of nuclear weapons by the US.
The second part of containment held that if not allowed to grow, expand and absorb critical resources outside the zone of Soviet control, the lies of Marxist-Leninism would crumble the foundations upon which Soviet power stood. These lies would all be exposed over time–namely, oligarchy rule by the elite, a paranoid police state terrorizing its population to enforce consent (by coercion and murder, if necessary), and a social system that organized the Soviet economy for war. These modes of operating a society eliminated individual liberty and economic freedom in defense of “communist,” or rather Bolshevik revolution.
The Western examples of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, and the economic appeal of free enterprise would ultimately win over the enslaved communist populations, according to both Kennan and Nitze at the very beginning of the Cold War. And in the end, the enslaved masses of communism withdrew their legitimacy from their governments and ultimately forced the termination of the Soviet system.
Despite some glaring differences between Kennan’s theory of containment and Nitze’s actual blueprint implementing it (Kennan’s realpolitik emphasis on temporary coalitions and Nitze’s reliance on moralism, international law and alliances), both men believed in two absolute conditions holding up the entire US grand strategy at the level of national politics.
On the one hand, economic strength via market capitalism in the Free World provided the means to subvert Soviet power by forcing the communist to spend themselves into poverty. Their unworkable economy devoted to guns not butter and run by government committees would spur their people to resist their government. And just as important, and linked to economic strength, was preserving the individual liberties and (relative) economic freedoms of American citizens. For if it could successfully stop Soviet expansion, American values as enshrined in the Declaration and its natural rights were the ultimate weapon of victory. Overshadowing the world, if America failed to preserve liberty and prosperity, there would be war–nuclear war and annihilation most likely. In that case, no one would win, or the Cold War would continue with “sticks and stones” (from an Einstein quote).
It is important to review or learn this simple history of the last 60-odd years. In the 21st Century, many of the same problems. A world-wide conflict rages subtly between libertarian ideals and values of common people versus fascist-communist values held by public-private multi-national companies (MNCs) backed by religious fanaticisms. These do not threaten any one country, specifically, but threaten the “true” Free World of the minds and souls of common people. As the United States, backed by its own MNCs and religious fanatics, engages in a global war against the “wrong” fanaticism backed by the “other” MNCs (criminal syndicates to rising nations’ sovereign wealth funds, etc.), American soldiers are fighting and dying, or returning from dangerous duty maimed and with near mortal mind wounds with no long-term vision of victory.
No matter whether one supports the Establishment’s war against other establishments, or is opposed, the US as a nation has no stated or apparent “master theory or plan” to fight now or next year, let alone 40 or 50. No George Kennan gives a profound and broad theory for the solution. And no known Nitze in government has put it into concrete form, with the numbers to back it up (like NSC-68 actually did). If an “X” article appeared, would the policy makers heed it? If a 21st Century NSC-68 exists, what is it, or why do the American people NOT know about it?
Grand strategy, the political policy that mobilizes all forms of political, economic, social and cultural power, does not exist for America today. And without much doubt, the American people can only suspect that the political will, the economic strength, the social system, and the cultural values that wins wars are missing, too. If they did exist, would not the American people have faith in their leaders for eventual victory, as in World War II or the Cold War itself? Perhaps the people themselves need to take their own initiative and find it in them to seek new ways, new leaders, and new ideas to combat the bankruptcy of the present leadership; to seize the moment, and regain the people’s power, and future of liberty. If not, it would not matter which side of fanatics and corporations win, ours or theirs. It would all end by eliminating liberty and freedom in the name of an imperial peace through endless war and genocide.
posted by Scipio Cepicanus @ 12:34 AM
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